Which models use MoE?

Mixtral 8x7B, Llama 4 (Scout, Maverick, Behemoth), Gemini 3 Pro, and GPT-4 (rumored) all use MoE architectures. MoE enables frontier-level performance with more efficient inference.

What is Mixture of Experts (MoE)?

What is Mixture of Experts?

Mixture of Experts (MoE) is an architecture where a model has multiple specialized sub-networks (experts) and a router that selects which experts to use for each input. This allows models to have more total parameters while only activating a subset during inference.

How MoE Works

Experts: Multiple feed-forward networks specialized for different tasks
Router: Learned gating network that selects experts per token
Sparse activation: Only 1-2 experts active per token
Result: Large capacity with efficient inference

MoE Models (2025)

Llama 4: Scout, Maverick, Behemoth all use MoE
Mixtral: 8x7B and 8x22B from Mistral
Gemini 3 Pro: Sparse mixture-of-experts

Monitoring MoE Models

MoE models have unique characteristics to monitor:

Expert routing can affect consistency
Different experts may have different failure modes
Track quality across different query types